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VI · Cryptographic foundations

AEAD

What it is

Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data. One operation provides confidentiality, integrity, and binding to a context.

Where it lives

TLS 1.3 cipher suites, age, signal protocol. Replaces "encrypt then MAC" composition errors.

The key insight

AES-GCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305. Never use raw block ciphers without AEAD wrapping.

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Across the foundations

VII Reductions Computational complexity VIII Central Limit Theorem Statistics & inference VIII Hypothesis testing & p-values Statistics & inference VIII Confidence intervals Statistics & inference VIII Power & sample size Statistics & inference IX Eigenvalues & eigenvectors Linear algebra IX Singular Value Decomposition Linear algebra IX Norms & inner products Linear algebra

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